Essay about Gun Advocates! The Crème of the Crop of Americans

Have you been told repeatedly that something is really dangerous? Have you been told to stay away and perhaps report things that seem risky? Have you learned that those things as time goes on aren’t as jeopardizing and are even beneficial to people? Gun ownership is an example of things that may seem threatening, but really isn’t. Legalizing gun ownership reduces the crime rate dramatically, is a Second Amendment right in the Constitution, and helps control animal populations from exploding out of control. Firstly, the claims that guns contributing to higher crime rates are completely over exaggerated. Most people are spoon-fed by the mainstream media that guns contribute to higher crime rates. In fact, in large cities like Chicago it†¦show more content†¦Secondly, the right to own guns in the Second Amendment of the Constitution is a privilege that is treasured and strongly believed by a majority of Americans. This right was made by our Founding Fathers in ord er to protect against an insolent and abusive federal government. Next, the Second Amendment has protected against criminals breaking into our homes. It has been a tradition for those that hunt. This right in the Constitution is a right that many countries don’t have and we are very fortunate to have such a right. However, there are individuals that say the Second Amendment should be obsolete. They believe it should be banned because of the theory that guns are unnecessary in the 21st century, people don’t hunt with guns in such frequency as some might’ve 50 or 100 years ago and because we have police officers, it’s not a priority to have a gun to secure our residences. These claims sound popular in theory, but it’s not the case. On the contrary, those who support the Second Amendment believe that the Second Amendment must always exist in order to maintain stability and tradition in American society. So which side is right? Read ahead and make a de cision for yourself. In the article, An Unambiguous Right, by Herbert W. Titus, he explains the reason for the Second Amendment. He believes that the function and logic behind the workings of the Second

Analyzing An Advertisement Of My Choice From A Magazine

Reflecting on English Composition I This semester I took dual enrollment English Composition I. Not only did this class give me college credit, it strengthened my writing skills as well. I was challenged to write a variety of essays that focused on different writing styles. The first essay I was asked to write was an advertisement analysis. In this essay, I had to analyze an advertisement of my choice from a magazine. I chose to analyze an advertisement for the Toyota 4Runner. When my teacher first mentioned a thesis, I had no idea what she was talking about. Soon, I came to realize that a thesis was a sentence at the end of the introduction paragraph that briefly introduces the topics covered in the essay. I chose to analyze the 4Runner advertisement with the following topics: its appeal to outdoorsmen, its facts used to persuade buyers, and the lively way in which the vehicle was portrayed. I learned that each body paragraph needed to be structured around those topics, and that is exactly what I did. I found this essay to be easy to write. Furthermore, I received my highest grade of the year on this essay, only having one unclear pronoun reference and a misplaced comma. The second essay I had to write was a comparative analysis. Unlike the advertisement analysis, in this essay, I had to compare two seemingly different topics. The topics were chosen for me: high school and feudalism. When assigned this essay, I was not sure what feudalism was. I did research to get anShow MoreRelatedHow Marketing Has Changed Throughout The Years Of Business849 Words   |  4 Pagesstart from scratch you could get stuck in the mind-sets of those who went before you (Juicing the orange ). Marketing has changed throughout the years of business, marketing started as ads in newspapers, in the mail, magazines and commercials on tv. 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Cases-Control Research UK based Petting

Question: Describe about the Cases-Control Research for UK based Petting. Answer: Introduction The cases-control research is about research carried out to investigate outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in visitors of an England petting farm caused by a subtype Cryptosporidium parvum. The study is about infection and epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum subtype. Cases were those with cryptosporidiosis while controls were those without the infection. The following is critical appraisal of the case-control study of cryptosporidiosis outbreak in England cased by Cryptosporidium parvum subtype. The purpose of the research is to retrospectively analyse the exposure to risk that caused cryptosporidiosis disease outbreak in visitors to a petting farm. The study comparability identifies the relationship between exposure to risk factors and outcome factors (Rose and Mark, 2008). The study design is case-control study design. The study retrospectively compares patients with cryptosporidiosis as cases to those without cryptosporidiosis as controls with the focus on the frequency of exposure to the Cryptosporidium parvum risk. This is an appropriate design for the study. The case control research gives comparison between the controls and cases and relationship is established between risk factor in the study and cryptosporidiosis disease as outcome. In the research, outbreak of cryptosporidiosis is compared based on its causal attribute. Case control study is used to study causal factors of disease outbreak starting with outcome to exposure to risk factor (Chalmersand Giles 2010). In the study, visitors to petting farm were used as subject to recruit cases and controls through snowball sampling techniques. 38 cases out of the reported 46 cases were used in the study and compared to 39 controls that had no cryptosporidiosis infection. The target population in the study are visitors to a petting farm in United Kingdom. The study focus to examine the infection of cryptosporidiosis in visitors that came to farm located in England industry-compliant petting farm caused by Cryptosporidium parvum subtype. The sample is representative of the target population. Firstly, sampling techniques use recruited the sample in a way that is easy to minimize sampling errors. Secondly, the study requires recruitment of cases and control from study subjects. Therefore, the cases and control are used to represent the target population. Thirdly, sample which consists of 38 cases and 39 controls clearly shows that cases were good representation of the 46 cases of outbreak reported in the study (Toth and Hauser et al 2008). Study factors are washing of hands, verbal communication of risk and presence of Cryptosporidium parvum. Secondly, washing of hand before eating in the study is a risk factor that determines the level of exposure of the cases and control to Cryptosporidium parvum. Secondly, verbal communication of infection to visitors in the open farm is another factor that determines the exposure to Cryptosporidium parvum. In the study, the number of those visitors with diseases is 10 times less likely to have been cautioned of the cryptosporidiosis risk. Finally, Cryptosporidium parvum is also a risk factor in the study. Cryptosporidium parvum is indicated in the sample as factor that leads to the cryptosporidiosis disease outbreak. Study factors were obtained through interview of cases and controls that were recruitment by use of snowball sampling method (Gargala 2008). Outcome factors in the study are cryptosporidiosis outbreak, non-compliance with hand washing hygiene, lack of verbal communication of infection risk and infection of farm animals. Cryptosporidiosis outbreak is one of the outcome factors that were investigated in the study. Secondly, non compliance with the hand washing hygiene is one of the outcome factors in the study that determines cryptosporidiosis outbreak as outcome of the study. Thirdly, it was also identified that lack of verbal communication of infection of cryptosporidiosis to visitors. The researcher state that disease outcome are 10 times less likely to state of being verbally cautioned of risk of cryptosporidiosis disease on arrival at odds ratio 010, 95% CI 001071, P = 002. The information was obtained through analysis of data and sample from the field that are from interview. The data obtained was analysed using multivariable logic regression that gave the result (Leske and Wu, 1996). Potential confounders in the study are farm animals and pets. According to the conclusion of the researcher explain the identification of Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtype (IIaA19G1R1) in the samples from lamb feaces meaning farm animals also had exposure to risk factor. The researcher shows that Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtype was present in a sample obtained from lamb wastes and all other disease case. A precautions measure was developed to deal with future zoonotic infections from such animals through effective communication of risk to public and farm visitors. The potential biases in this study are recall bias, temporal bias and interviewer bias. The retrospective nature of the study makes it easier to bias since cryptosporidiosis outbreak and exposure occurred before the study. Cases and control had to recall past exposure to the disease based on their knowledge on being a case. Temporal bias can potentially occur since the researcher has to link between exposure and outcome without considering that exposure to cryptosporidiosis occurred before diagnosis. Interviewer bias can occur because the researcher normally record information based on their knowledge on cryptosporidiosis. The effect of recall, temporal and interviewers bias is that it gives rise to non-comparability of cases and control in the study. Recall bias for instance, may lead to misinformation that does not give good result when comparing different risk factors. In addition, recall bias can lead to poor data as the cases can give information limited to their knowledge and memory. On the other hand, interviewers bias can affect the overall result since the information link by researcher is theoretical and not practical as expected. Statistical methods such as snowball sampling method, regression analysis and interview were used in the study. Firstly, snowball sampling method was used to recruit cases and controls in the study. Secondly, regression analysis was used to analyse the data. In the study multivariable logical regression analysis was used that resulted in identification of relationship between cases of cryptosporidiosis and control. Thirdly, as case control study, data were collected through interview of the informants. These statistical methods were appropriate since statistical methods such as regression analysis is used to establish the relationship between outcome and risks factors in the study (Chalmers and Giles 2010). Strengths of the study include effective in study of disease and exposure studies, the study can be used to investigate multiple exposures to cryptosporidiosis,. Firstly, the study design itself is easy to compare cryptosporidiosis disease and the level of exposure of the farm visitors to the disease. Secondly, multiple exposures to cryptosporidiosis diseases can easily be studied since case control study design allow comparability of different exposure to the outcome of the study. Thirdly, case control study is effective in studying rare disease outbreak as in the case of cryptosporidiosis. Finally, the study provides easy analytical comparison as compared to other study options such as cohort studies (Kenneth and Ray 2004). Weaknesses of the study include possibility of bias, the sequence between exposure of farm visitors to risk factor and cryptosporidiosis disease is not ease to establish, difficulty in determining of cryptosporidiosis incidence rate in control and cases. Firstly, the study present possibility of multiple biases such as selection bias, observers bias, recalls bias and temporal bias. These biases can potentially make comparability of exposure to Cryptosporidium parvum and outcome of the study difficult. Secondly, it is difficult to establish the sequence between the exposure of farm visitors to Cryptosporidium parvum and the cryptosporidiosis disease. Thirdly, the estimation of incidence rates of cryptosporidiosis is not easy when the study is not population based (Ioannidis, 2005). The main result of study is identification that those with disease were 55 times higher than those who without dieses and have eaten without observing hand washing hygiene at 95% confidence interval (CI) 151199, P = 001]. Equally, cases were 10 times possibly not verbally informed of outbreak of cryptosporidiosis on arrival to the farm at odds ratio 010, P = 00295% CI 001071. I think the result is valid because strength of the study outweigh the weaknesses of the study, the result clearly show the relationship between risk factors and outcome and Firstly, the study has successfully compared the relationship between cryptosporidiosis disease and washing of hands as risk exposure as revealed in the result. According to results, cases are 5.5 times likely to depend on hand washing hygiene and 10 times unaware of infection. Secondly, the likelihood of the weaknesses such as biases is minimal and can be minimized through careful planning of data collection and analysis (Greenland and Lash 2008). The author concluded that lack of public communication of cryptosporidiosis and failure to keep hand washing hygiene has significant relationship with exposure to cryptosporidiosis on the petting farms. In addition, authors cite their findings as important in advising petting farm visitors on the public health importance to prevent further outbreak of infections. I agree with the conclusion of these authors since their result indicates that infections identified are 55 times higher than those without infection who have eaten without cleaning their hands in the petting farm. In addition, according to the odd ratios of odds ratio 010, P = 002, 95% CI 001071, and mean that there is significant relationship between different study factors of the study (Grimes and Schulz 2005). Suppose the results of the study were valid the most important public implications of this paper would be cautions when visiting petting farms, personal hygiene will be emphasised before eating and farm animals would be highly examine for zoonotic infections. Firstly, public will be more cautious when visiting petting farms since there is animals such as sheep can be carriers of the Cryptosporidium parvum as identified in lamb faecal sample. Secondly, there will be awareness of personal hygiene particularly washing of hands before eating. There will be communication of risk to pet farm visitors on importance of hygiene. Thirdly, identification of Cryptosporidium parvum lamb faecal sample shows that there is need for more examination of farm animals on the possibility of carrying the Cryptosporidium parvum (Smith and Padfield 2016 ). Conclusion: Based on the study, it is clear that the study of cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the UK based petting farm used case-control study design. Case-control research compares visitors with cryptosporidiosis disease as cases with visitors without cryptosporidiosis disease as control. Some of the identified strength of the paper are effective study of rare outbreak disease such as cryptosporidiosis, the paper clearly compare risk exposure to the outcome and study can be used to investigate multiple exposures to risk factors (Burls 2009). The weaknesses of the study paper include biasness in data collection, difficulty in determining of cryptosporidiosis incidence rate in control and cases, and sequence between exposures of farm visitors to risk is not easily established. Reference Burls, A. (2009), What is critical appraisal? London, Hayward Group. Web/URL: https://www.whatisseries.co.uk/what-is-critical-appraisal/ Accessed October 2010. Boreham J, and Sutherland I (2004), Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 28 (755): 1519 Chalmers, R. and Giles M (2010), Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in the UK challenges for control. Journal of Applied Microbiology; 109: 14871497 Gargala G, (September 2008), Drug treatment and novel drug target against Cryptosporidium. Parasite: 15 (3): 27581. Grimes A, and Schulz, F (2005), Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies. Lancet. 365 (9468): 142933. Greenland, S. and Lash, L. (2008), Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Hunter, P. and G Nichols (2002), Epidemiology and clinical features of cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2002; 15: 145154. Ioannidis, P. (2005), Contradicted and initially stronger effects in highly cited clinical research. JAMA. 294 (2): 21828 Kenneth J. and Ray, C. George (2004). An Introduction to Infectious Disease: Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.727730. Kalam K, and Baqi S et al (2014). "Prevalence, clinical presentation and treatment outcome of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent adult patients presenting with acute diarrhoea". J Pak Med Assoc. 64 (6): 6138. Leske M, and Wu SY. (1996) Open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: the Long Island Glaucoma Case-control Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 1996;3:8596 Smith S. and Padfield S. (2016) Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in visitors of a UK industry-compliant petting farm caused by a rare Cryptosporidium parvum subtype: a case-control study. Epidemiology and infection 2016;144(05):1000-1009. Rose, S and Mark J (2008), Matched case control study design. U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistic: Working Paper series. Working paper 240. Rothman, K. (2002), Epidemiology: An Introduction. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Sparks H, and White AC (2015). "Treatment of Cryptosporidium: What We Know, Gaps, and the Way Forward". Curr Trop Med Rep. 2 (3): 181187. Schulz F, Grimes, A (2002), Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet. 359 (9304): 4314 Toth, T. L., Hauser, R.et al (2008), Soy food and isoflavone intake in relation to semen quality parameters among men from an infertility clinic, Human Reproduction, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 2584-2590.

Utilitarianism Essays (220 words) - Utilitarianism,

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism, for all the unfortunate connotations of the word (which conjures up images of factories, high-rise buildings and all things ugly-but-functional), is an ethical system of great elegance and beauty. It is also a system of great importance: I would guess that the large majority of people in our society are more or less utilitarians, and that they are such without having given the matter a moment's thought. It arouses strong feelings. Most proponents of utilitarianism would probably say that it's not only right, but obviously right; that those who are not utilitarians are living in the Dark Ages. Many of its opponents consider it a thoroughly evil thing, tending to lead to the erosion of vital moral principles. I think both sides exaggerate. The issue is a particularly interesting one for the Christian: utilitarianism has much in common, in practice, with Christian ethics, but little or nothing in common with Christian philosophy. This essay will attempt to analyse the idea of utilitarianism (which is more complicated, and richer, than it may seem at first glance), and to explain what I think is wrong with it and what I think is right with it. At the end, there are some rather disorganised comments about what a really adequate system of ethics would have to look like. Psychology

Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Abstract This study will assess the two types of traumatic events which are terrorist attacks and natural disasters and the role they play on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Gender was also taken into account when assigning individuals into groups. There were 100 participants 50 male and 50 female all of which completed an Impact of Events Scale after viewing twenty photos of one of the specified traumatic events. Women experienced higher PTSD then men. Also the photos of terrorist attacks received higher PTSD symptoms then natural disasters. The results confirmed that PTSD are correlated to the type of event and the gender of the subject. The Effects of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has various symptoms that are brought on by many different occurrences such as witnessing a traumatic event. There are two significant subjects that are involved in brining about this disorder. Disasters and the presence of terrorism are extremely relevant issues when examining PTSD. Natural disasters can happen in any given place, at any given time. When these natural disasters occur, there are many factors which cause them to be influential in the change of people’s lives. These disasters have such a profound effect on individuals’ lives because they are mostly unexpected, have unpredictable outcomes, and leave unchangeable results. Numerous areas of the United States experience various natural disasters through out the year. Approximately 2 million people in the United States alone will be affected by a natural disaster each year, according to (Benight, 1998). Although people living in these areas may expect particular specific natural disasters to occur at some point, there is always a level of uncertainty. The people of a small community in Colorado experienced a tremendous disas... Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Abstract This study will assess the two types of traumatic events which are terrorist attacks and natural disasters and the role they play on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Gender was also taken into account when assigning individuals into groups. There were 100 participants 50 male and 50 female all of which completed an Impact of Events Scale after viewing twenty photos of one of the specified traumatic events. Women experienced higher PTSD then men. Also the photos of terrorist attacks received higher PTSD symptoms then natural disasters. The results confirmed that PTSD are correlated to the type of event and the gender of the subject. The Effects of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has various symptoms that are brought on by many different occurrences such as witnessing a traumatic event. There are two significant subjects that are involved in brining about this disorder. Disasters and the presence of terrorism are extremely relevant issues when examining PTSD. Natural disasters can happen in any given place, at any given time. When these natural disasters occur, there are many factors which cause them to be influential in the change of people’s lives. These disasters have such a profound effect on individuals’ lives because they are mostly unexpected, have unpredictable outcomes, and leave unchangeable results. Numerous areas of the United States experience various natural disasters through out the year. Approximately 2 million people in the United States alone will be affected by a natural disaster each year, according to (Benight, 1998). Although people living in these areas may expect particular specific natural disasters to occur at some point, there is always a level of uncertainty. The people of a small community in Colorado experienced a tremendous disas...

Learn About Edwin Land, Inventor of the Polaroid Camera

Learn About Edwin Land, Inventor of the Polaroid Camera Before the rise of smartphones with digital cameras  and photo-sharing sites like Instagram,  Edwin Land’s Polaroid camera was the closest thing the world had to instant photography. The Launch of Instant Photography Edwin Land (May 7, 1909–March 1, 1991) was an American inventor, physicist, and avid photograph collector who co-founded the Polaroid Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1937. He is known for inventing a one-step process for developing and printing photographs that revolutionized photography. The Harvard-educated scientist got his groundbreaking idea in 1943 when his young daughter asked why the family camera couldn’t produce a picture immediately. Land returned to his lab inspired by her question and came up with his answer: the Polaroid Instant camera that allowed a photographer to remove a developing print with an image that was ready in about 60 seconds. The first Polaroid camera, the Land Camera, was sold to the public in November 1948. It was an immediate (or should we say instant) hit, providing both novelty and instant gratification. While the resolution of the photos didn’t quite match that of traditional photographs, professional photographers adopted it as a tool for taking test photos as they set up their shots. In the 1960s, Edwin Land’s instant cameras got a more streamlined look when he collaborated with industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss on The Automatic 100 Land Camera and also on the Polaroid Swinger, a black and white model that was designed and priced at under $20 to appeal to average consumers. An intense, passionate researcher who amassed more than 500 patents while at Polaroid, Land’s work was not limited to the camera. Over the years, he became an expert on light polarization technology, which had applications for sunglasses.  He worked on night-vision goggles for the military during World War II and developed a stereoscopic viewing system called the Vectograph that could help detect enemies whether or not they were wearing camouflage. He also participated in the development of the U-2 spy plane. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 and the W.O. Baker Award of the Security Affairs Support Association in 1988. Polaroid’s Patents Are Challenged On October 11, 1985, the Polaroid Corporation won a five-year patent infringement battle against Kodak Corporation, one of the country’s largest patent lawsuits involving photography. The U.S. District Court of Massachusetts found that Polaroid’s patents were valid and infringed. As a result, Kodak was forced to pull out of the instant camera market. In a good faith effort, the company began offering compensation to their customers who owned their cameras but wouldn’t be able to purchase a suitable film for them. New Technology Threatens Polaroid With the rise of digital photography at the start of the 21st century, the fate of the Polaroid camera seemed grim. In 2008, the company announced it would stop making its patented film. However, the Polaroid instant camera remains viable thanks to Florian Kaps, Andrà © Bosman, and Marwan Saba, the founders of The Impossible Project, which raised funds to help create monochromatic and color film for use with Polaroid instant cameras. Land’s Death On March 1, 1991, at the age of 81, Edwin Land died from an undisclosed illness. He had been ill for a couple of years, spending his last few weeks at an undisclosed hospital in his hometown of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Information about the actual cause of his death was never readily available per his family’s wishes, but his gravesite and tombstone can be found in Cambridge at the Mount Auburn Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark and the resting place of many historically significant citizens of the Boston area.

Assess the recent performance and future prospects of any commercial Essay

Assess the recent performance and future prospects of any commercial bank known to you - Essay Example UBS is one of the best-capitalized financial institutions in the world, with invested assets of 2.2 trillion Swiss francs, shareholders equity of 35.4 billion Swiss francs and market capitalization of 95.4 billion Swiss francs. UBS is present in all major financial centers worldwide, with offices in 50 countries. UBS employs 65,929 people, 40% of whom are located in Switzerland, 39% in the Americas, 15% in Europe and 6% in Asia. As an integrated firm, UBS creates added value for clients by drawing on the combined resources and expertise of all its businesses. As an organization, UBS combines financial strength with a global culture that embraces change. In the 10 years before their merger, both banks had made a series of purchases to increase their investment banking presence. The most significant was the 1995 acquisition of SG Warburg, a venerable London investment-banking firm, by SBC. S.G. Warburg, was founded London in the 1930s and reached prominence after the Second World War. UBS strengths have traditionally lain in Europe. But the bank is seeking to raise its game in the US. In the 1990s in the US, it acquired Dillon Read, a corporate finance specialist and OConnor, a derivatives specialist. In 2000 it acquired Paine Webber, a US Stock broker and investment bank for $10.8bn (â‚ ¬8.3bn, $5.7bn). UBS has also been boosting its US corporate finance and equities teams with additional hires. UBS has almost $2 trillion in personal and corporate assets invested, among the worlds largest asset pools. With acquisitions such as Sauerborn, UBS is pursuing a bold strategy that is not without risks. It is expanding rapidly beyond its Swiss base. It is also taking on clients, such as those at Sauerborn, who had chosen not to put their wealth in the hands of a big institution and who may be skeptical about staying with a money manager as giant as UBS. But UBS figures if it can win the confidence of these top business families its position in Europes

What competitive advantages would Amazon have over Wal-Mart Stores in Assignment

What competitive advantages would Amazon have over Wal-Mart Stores in doing business outside the United States - Assignment Example Wal-Mart is the second largest employer in the world. It is one of the most important organizations in the world. Its annual sales stood at $419 billion in 2010 (Roberts & Berg, 2012, p. 2). Its goods and merchandise products are sold to both the upper income level and lower income group people in US. The chief motto behind Wal Mart’s success is that it offers goods at unbelievingly low prices to it customer. Efficient logistics and inventory and by using the concept of just – in- time Wal-Mart became a world leader in retail market (Roberts & Berg, 2012, p .144). Amazon that was founded in 1995 was honored by Business Week in 2009 with its customer service award. It created a new way of shopping by placing orders over the e internet. Amazon is listed in the fortune 500 companies with revenue more than $19 billion. Customers were highly satisfied with the service and the timely dispatch of its goods (Dunne, Lusch & Carver, 2010, p.529). Amazon began its business b y sel ling books online. Presently Amazon offers songs sample of songs for the convenience of the retailers to hear it from their computers. It also offers a unique facility known as mass customization where in a previous customer is shown a page of listed books and other goods catering to the customers’ choice and preference (Ander & Stern, 2004, p. 75). Literature review Amazon and Wal-Mart have expanded their network of retail chains outside US recently. Amazon has set up its retail stores in countries like China in 2004 and India lately. It latest venture outside US was in Brazil. It expects to set up a digital book store in the country (Israel, 2012). It wishes to cater to the kindle e- reader and publish books in Portuguese as per the demands of the publishers and industry of Brazil. Amazon’s strategy to launch a digital book store would be a good strategy as far as the infrastructure system in Brazil is concerned. In Brazil, the infrastructure system is poor and the t axes implied are high. The biggest advantage Amazon would have in setting up a digital store in Brazil is that it will help the people in saving money and cut the expenses made on paying high duty taxes. This move is directly with the mission and vision statement of the firm which is to become a leader in low cot strategy. The online retail market in Brazil is expected to grow at 25 percent from 2012 onwards so it provides the golden opportunity for Amazon to penetrate the market now. The strategy adopted by Amazon in Brazil is to sell its popular kindle model at a price lower than its competitors. It has also entered into contracts with publishers to set up a portfolio of 10,000 digital books. Now, this strategy adopted by Amazon can prompt other competitors to set up their base in Brazil too (Israel, 2012). The paper next discusses the case of Wal-Mart next when it tried to set up its stores there in 1995. In 1995, Wal-Mart entered Brazil and opened its chain of retail shops (Dola n, 2004). But it failed to be successful as was reported in the article Latin America: Bumps in Brazil  by Kerry. A. Dolan. It had 25 shops and was the sixth largest retailer in Brazil but compared to it the rival firm then Companhia Brasileira de Distribuicao which had 499 shops , Wal mart failed to a large extent because of their failure to increase acquisitions. There were problems with the distribution system too as customers had to wait for long hours to get their products. In March 2004, Wal mart purchased 118 Bompreco stores but it was located in the poorer section of

Applications of Biochemistry Essay Example for Free

Applications of Biochemistry Essay Blood is one of the most important fluids in the human body. It helps carry nutrients such as oxygen to the cells in the body and transports out wastes like carbon dioxide and other metabolites from these cells. Since blood is the medium through which the different organs and tissues in our body communicates, keeping a close eye on the constituents of a blood sample would provide a good indication of the functioning of the human body. Blood gas tests are ordered for patients who might have symptoms of pH imbalance, extreme levels of oxygen/ carbon dioxide, or in order to evaluate the functioning of organs such as the kidneys and the presence of disorders such as diabetes. The latter tests are measured through the analysis of electrolytes and metabolites in the blood. Patients who are on a â€Å"ventilator† in a hospital may have their treatment procedures also monitored using a blood gas analysis test. In the Core Laboratory of University Hospital in London, Ontario, the Gem Premiere 3000 Blood Gas Analyzer is used in order to perform tests on patients. There are two analyzers present in this laboratory. Both machines can run tests for levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+, Ca++, and hematocrit (Hct). One of the machines however, is also capable of running glucose and lactate tests as well. One other final blood constituent that is also analyzed in this analyzer is for carboxyhemoglobin. If a sample is to be tested for carboxyhemoglobin, the sample must be injected from the syringe into the GEM cuvette. The cuvette is then inserted into another analyzer in order to test carboxyhemoglobin levels. The samples collected for blood gas analysis tests can be arterial, venous, or capillary blood. Reference Range values of measurements in the â€Å"normal range† using the Gem Premiere 3000 (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). All samples are delivered to the laboratory in syringes or capillaries from the bedside of the patient in the hospital. A sample that arrives from the Operation Room can only be stored for and has to be analyzed within 15-20 minutes. Samples that are delivered to the laboratory on ice can be stored for one hour while all other samples must be analyzed within half an hour. Unlike other samples that are analyzed in the lab, these samples are not archived after analysis. All samples must also be warmed between the hands before being analyzed in order to mix the contents thoroughly. All syringes with samples contain a coating of heparin sulfate in order to avoid the clotting of blood samples. Once the source of blood sample (arterial, venous, capillary) has been selected on the display screen of the analyzer, the sample is checked for clots. This is done by testing a drop or two onto a gauze pad. The barcode on the sample syringe is then scanned in order to read the patient ID and store the results. A message then appears on the screen of the analyzer that reads â€Å"Present sample now†. The tip of the syringe can then be inserted at an angle, into the needle that protrudes from the Analyzer. The results will then appear on the screen and be saved on the patient’s profile according to their ID that was scanned. The maintenance conducted on the Gem Premiere 3000 is very minimal. The Gem Premiere 3000 contains a cartridge that has electrodes with all the calibration measurements for the machine. The analyzer is checked daily for printer paper. Every week, quality control tests are run in order to ensure the accurate working of the Gem Premiere 3000. The two control tests administered are the ‘Critical Care QC ContrIL9’ and the ‘GEM critCheck’. The first control tests for the proper analysis of of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+ and Ca++, while the second control tests for hematocrit low and normal levels (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). The cartilage with electrodes for calibration measurements expires every three weeks. However, if there is a power cut or an issue with the analyzer, the cartridge must be changed immediately before any other tests are conducted. Once the cartridge has been replaced, it takes half an hour for the cartridge to warm up after the CVP control has been run and before tests can be run again. Once all the tests are run, they are saved on the patient’s profile and are available for access by all physicians and hospital staff throughout the hospital.

Rise and fall of rome :: essays research papers

The divergence of local culture is apt to occur. With this enculturation a new language or dialect of language often is born. This paper will discuss the factors which cause language to change. It will focus on the development of â€Å"New-Englishes†. What are â€Å"New-Englishes†? They develop from areas, which have been in contact with an English-speaking colony the process involves five main steps Foundation, Exonormative Stabilization, Nativization, Endonormative Stabilization, and finally differentiation. Foundation is the first stage, this involves a group of English speaking settlers who create an English speaking base in an area where English is not a spoken language. The settlers previous accents and dialects play an enormous role in how the indigenous people learn English. As the settlers often have different dialects of English themselves, the most universal words and phrases of all the dialects are often included in the â€Å"New-English’s† vocabulary where as the regionalisms of each English dialect will often be dropped. This stage is often awkward for both the parties involved as cross-cultural understanding is often minimal and communication is limited to a few. Thus communication between the indigenous people and the settlers is inhibited. Often with military installations no attempt is made to learn the native language and the emerging dialect is mainly based on the English language. This is not the case with examples like trading posts or Linguistic Anthropologists who attempt to learn the native language to facilitate trade or research. The â€Å"New-Englishes† that emerges from these would contain a solid base fro m both Native and English languages. During this period the native language affects the English spoken, often the first words frequently used of the Native language are place names such as in the United States with Chattahoochee, Mississippi, Milwaukee, Susquehanna, Chicago, Tallahassee, all these are of Native American origin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage is where an abrupt change occurs the indigenous people realize that it is beneficial to be able to communicate with the settlers. The settlers generally do not attempt to learn the local dialect, as they often believe that they are doing a deed for their country of origin and that once they return their language will again be the norm. This is theorized for both settlers who plan to stay in the foreign country and those who will return after a period of time. The indigenous language begins to work it’s way into the English language as mentioned earlier through place names but also through new species of animals, plants, and new objects.

Big Business Dbq

Ryan Burgett Document A Source: Historical Statistics of the United States. Document Information †¢ Food prices declined significantly between 1870 and 1899. †¢ Fuel and lighting prices declined significantly between 1870 and 1899. †¢ Cost of living declined slightly between 1870 and 1899. Document Inferences †¢ Improved agricultural innovations led to reduced food prices. †¢ Mining and lighting innovations reduced prices for fuel and lighting. †¢ Falling prices for agricultural goods led to discontent among farmers. †¢ Mass production resulted in a decline in the cost of living. Electric lighting allowed for 24-hour production, night shifts and possibly longer hours. Potential Outside Information Consolidation Coxey’s Army Economies of scale Edison, Thomas (incandescent lightbulb) Farmers’ Alliances (Northern, Southern, Colored) â€Å"Farmers should raise less corn and more hell† Lease, Mary Elizabeth Sub-Treasury plan Document B Source: George E. McNeill, labor leader, The Labor Movement: The Problem of Today, 1887. Document Information †¢ Railroad presidents are similar to kings. †¢ Railroad presidents can discharge workers without cause and withhold wages. Railroad presidents can delay lawsuits. †¢ Railroad presidents control both the government and the people. †¢ Railroad presidents controlled freight prices and monopolized food and fuel industries. †¢ Railroad presidents corrupt communities and control the press. Document Inferences †¢ The financial clout of railroads leaves employees helpless. †¢ Railroad labor and farm unrest is likely. †¢ Railroads dictate government policy. †¢ The Senate is controlled by wealthy interests because senators are not popularly elected. †¢ The legal system favors railroad interests. Potential Outside Information Blacklisting Munn v.Illinois Credit Mobilier scandal National Labor Union Fisk, Jim Patrons of Husbandry (Gr ange) Government ownership of railroads Railway Strikes of 1877 Gould, Jay Sylvis, William Granger laws United States v. E. C. Knight Interstate Commerce Act Vanderbilt, Cornelius Kelley, Oliver Hudson Wabash v. Illinois Long-haul/short-haul differentials yellow dog contracts AP ® Document C Source: David A. Wells, engineer and economist, Recent Economic Changes and Their Effect on the Document Information †¢ Workers no longer work independently but as if they were part of a military organization. Workers are taught to perform one simple task. †¢ Manufacturing has largely taken away workers’ pride in their work. Document Inferences †¢ Mass production techniques led to specialization of labor. †¢ Specialization of labor decreases workers’ pride in their craft. †¢ Specialization of labor leaves workers largely unskilled. †¢ Unskilled labor is relatively easy to replace. Potential Outside Information Specialization of labor Sweatshops Unski lled/skilled labor Document D Source: Joseph Keppler, â€Å"The Bosses of the Senate,† Puck, January 23, 1889. Document Information †¢ Shows trusts as oversized. Shows public entrance to the Senate closed. †¢ Shows monopolists lined up at monopolists’ entrance. †¢ Shows some senators looking back toward the trusts. †¢ Shows sign saying â€Å"This is a Senate of the monopolists by the monopolists and for the monopolists. † Document Inferences †¢ The Senate (government) is controlled by big business. †¢ People have no control over the Senate because senators are not directly elected. †¢ Monopolists (trusts) are wealthy and powerful. †¢ Trusts control a great many industries. Potential Outside Information Billion Dollar Congress Bland-Allison ActCivil Service (Pendleton) Act Crime of ’73 Dingley Tariff Direct election of senators (Populist platform, not Seventeenth Amendment) Gold Standard Act/Currency Act of 1900 Inte rstate Commerce Commission McKinley Tariff Monopolies Nast, Thomas Reed, Thomas Sherman Antitrust Act Sherman Silver Purchase Act Wilson-Gorman Tariff Document E Source: Andrew Carnegie, â€Å"Wealth,† North American Review, June 1889. Document Information †¢ Wealthy people should lead a modest, unpretentious existence. †¢ Surplus revenues are to be used as a trust fund for what the wealthy see as community good. The wealthy are trustees for the poor. †¢ The judgment of the wealthy will lead to better decisions than the poor would make for themselves. †¢ Philanthropy justifies business owners’ wealth. Document Inferences †¢ Some business leaders believed in charity. †¢ The wealthy saw themselves as superior to the masses. †¢ Social obligation is a responsibility that comes with wealth. Potential Outside Information Carnegie libraries Carnegie Steel Corporation Gospel of Wealth â€Å"He who dies rich dies disgraced† Homestead St rike Social Darwinism Social Gospel Veblen, Thorstein, Theory of the Leisure ClassVertical integration Document F Source: â€Å"People’s Party Platform,† Omaha Morning World-Herald, July 5, 1892. Document Information †¢ Seeks to restore government to plain people. †¢ Power of the people (government) should be expanded. †¢ Seeks to end oppression, injustice, and poverty. Document Inferences †¢ The Populist Party was dedicated to political and social reform. †¢ Government should be strengthened and made more responsible to the people. †¢ The Populist Party nominated its own presidential candidate in 1892. Potential Outside Information Bryan, William Jennings Cross of Gold speechDirect election of senators (Populist platform, not Seventeenth Amendment) Farmers’ Alliances (Northern, Southern, Colored) Free and unlimited coinage of silver Government ownership of railroads (utilities) Income tax Initiative Lease, Mary Elizabeth Ocala Dema nds Omaha Platform Populist Party Referendum Sub- Treasury Plan Weaver, James B. Document G Source: Samuel Gompers, What Does Labor Want? , an address before the International Labor Congress in Chicago, August 28, 1893. Document Information †¢ People should not be considered property. †¢ Labor seeks shorter hours. Shorter labor hours will reduce jail and almshouse populations. †¢ Labor insists on the right to organize. †¢ Negligence or maliciousness should not leave the worker without recourse. †¢ Labor insists on adequate wages. Document Inferences †¢ Mass production techniques are dehumanizing. †¢ Bread-and-butter unionism grew with the trade union movement (shorter hours, better working conditions, increased wages). †¢ Workers’ compensation laws should be passed. †¢ Labor unions must organize to protect the interests of workers. †¢ Companies can and should help out communities by reducing unemployment ranks.Potential Outsid e Information American Federation of Labor Powderly, Terence bread-and-butter unionism Stephens, Uriah Knights of Labor Sylvis, William National Labor Union workers’ compensation Document H Document Information †¢ Says he is a victim of Rockefeller’s combination. †¢ Says Standard Oil offered the same quality of oil for one to three cents less than he could. †¢ Says he found railroads were in league with Rockefeller and charged discriminatory rates. Document Inferences †¢ Monopolists used ruthless tactics to put competitors out of business. Railroads gave big businesses rebates/kickbacks that helped them undercut their competition. †¢ Government must protect small businesses against unfair business practices. Potential Outside Information American Beauty Rose Theory Horizontal integration â€Å"just windward of the law† Long-haul/short-haul differentials Rebates/kickbacks Rockefeller, John D. Document I Source: Theodore Dreiser, Sister Ca rrie, a novel, 1900. Document Information †¢ Department stores were among the most efficient retail organizations. †¢ Department stores were appealing, with swarms of patrons. †¢ Carrie was much affected by the display of goods. The displays affected Carrie personally. Document Inferences †¢ Urban glamour drew rural people to the city. †¢ Improved urban transportation led to the development of department stores. †¢ Displays and advertising blurred the distinction between wants and needs. †¢ Consolidation in retail industry offered increased availability of consumer goods to society. Potential Outside Information Electric trolleys Macy’s Wanamaker’s (department store) Woolworth’s Great Five Cent Store YMCA YWCA Document J Source: Female typists, circa 1902. Courtesy of Library of Congress # LC-D4-42930Document Information †¢ Shows women typists in a large room. †¢ Shows women all dressed similarly. †¢ Shows the pr esence of electric lighting. Document Inferences †¢ Inventions like the typewriter and telephone increased employment for native-born, white women. †¢ There was sameness about working in a mass production environment. †¢ Industrialization created employment opportunities that often discriminated according to gender and race. Potential Outside Information Sholes, Christopher (invention of the typewriter) Sweatshops Taylor, Frederick Taylorism (scientific management) YWCA

Dreams Aspirations and Goals Essay

I just want to start off by saying that I am truly blessed to be able to have the opportunity that so many don’t have: getting an education. I dreamed I would always be able to learn to be able to do a little of everything no matter what it was: either it was learning culinary, mechanics, science, mathematics, history, etc. I’ve just wanted to be that one person who knows a little of everything; no matter what the skill was I could do it. It may sound impossible but â€Å"nothings impossible.† As I enter the college life, this is where I will be determining my dream and where I truly will belong for the rest of my life it may take a while but that’s what college is for to really test the waters and become comfortable with the one that occupation that really fits me well. I think what I really want to achieve in college is to be a role model; to be the role model that I want to be responsible by being able to balance my school, work, and social life, but mo st importantly I want to be able to make my family proud and support them like they did for me. I think my biggest dream was to become someone who can aspire and motivate people with their creativity or to just be a role model – hopefully that this experience in college will truly help me accomplish that. I know that knowledge is key to pretty much everything we have to know – practically every and anything about whatever occupation we want to have. But what’s wrong with using our creative side – isn’t it fun too just maybe once show up to class and have to draw for an assignment but no one says it has to be perfect no one expects you to be Picasso. We are being required to draw and use our creative side express our artistic side whether it be through words, drawing just to be able to just your true potential with creativity. In my experience of high school I had an amazing literature teacher who would sometimes just be fun and creative and just have us draw for one of our journals but it wasn’t stupid it was creative. Being creative is one of my biggest passions in life. I hope that I can truly show people there is nothing wrong with being creative. Responsible the one thing some people are afraid to be. When you hear the words independent it descri bes everything about being responsible. It’s when you start to do things on your own – a simple definition. In depth you have your own apartment maybe, pay your own car, bills, and you have a stable good paying job. It shows true responsibility when you can balance your school, work, and social life because you’ve shown how mature and  independent you can be – there is nothing more accomplishing to prove that you pushed yourself through all those nights of tears and sweat to finish that assignment. High School was a sort of breaking point for me with AP literature to give me a taste of the college life – all the nights I stood up to complete my papers. I can tell you this it was honestly worth it even though it stressed me out as I stared hours at a blank page at how to start my paper but then once you get going it all just flows out. One thing I know is that all that dedication of my time and effort will help me to be coming successful in my future. I wouldn’t be able to have done it without the support of my family and friends. So my goal in college is to graduate and figure out what I want to be. When I do graduate I want to be able to support and be there for everyone who did the same for me. Most of all I want to spoil my parents and spoil and treasure then like they did to me and my siblings. I honestly couldn’t have done it without their words of wisdom, kindness and experiences that showed me this opportunity I have to take advantage of so on behalf of my parents, family and friends my journey to success is my gift to you and may I make you prouder than you are when you saw me with my first cap and gown.

“The Host”, a 2006 Essays

â€Å"The Host†, a 2006 Essays â€Å"The Host†, a 2006 Essay â€Å"The Host†, a 2006 Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: â€Å"The Host†, a 2006 The Host is a 2006 monster film from South Korea that contains both comedy and drama. The film mainly deals with the adverse effects brought about by America’s military presence in the state of Korea. The plot of the movie is based on Park Hee-bong, an elderly man in his late sixties. Park Hee-bong is a businessperson who manages a snack bar on the banks of the Han River. He still supports his family that consists of two sons, one beautiful daughter and a granddaughter. The family seems to be a little poorer than the average South Korean family. The elder brother, Gang-du, is depicted as an immature and incompetent individual who is in his forties. His lives alone as his wife left him a long time ago. The youngest son, Nam-il is currently unemployed and thus results to gambling. The daughter, Nam-joo, is a professional archer who has won medals in various competitions and currently a member of the Korean national team. During one of the afternoon a mysteries monster arises from the depths of the Hans River runs amuck throughout the entire settlement resulting in death and panic among the settlers. The entire village turns into wailing as the once peaceful riverbank is instantly turned into a terrifying sea of blood. The monster carries of with Gang-du’s daughter Hyun-seo and the monster mysteriously disappears just as it had appeared. The reigning government is caught utterly unawares and helpless as all its efforts are deemed useless. The remaining family members are left mourning the loss of their loved one. However, their agony is short lived as they soon find out that she is not yet dead but alive. They all decide to carry out a mission on how to save her. The creators of the film are considered to have come up with an ingenious way of highlighting the plea of the South Koreans in view of the occupation of the American army. This is done in a rather comical but yet dramatic manner. Carrying historical background regarding Seoul indicates there was once an environmental disaster at hand whereby the activities of the united states of American military resulted in the dumping of a considerable amount of formaldehyde down the sewers and into the river. This resulted in environmental concerns in addition to the creation of a conflict between South Korea and the United States’ military. The movie attempts to both comically and dramatically depict the events of this tragic event. The movie portrays the American army and its government as both uncaring and reckless towards the Korean people. The directors effectively used satire in the movie by naming the chemical used to tackle the destructive monster as â€Å"Agent Yellow† in allegory to Agent Orange. This makes the movie fall in the category of anti-American films through its political allusions and commentary concerning the United States of America. The themes of the movie are also highly critical of the activities carried out by the United States military. The film also goes to the lengths of satirizing the Korean government depicting it as bureaucratic, inept, and fundamentally uncaring. The movie portrays mixed groups of the Korean youth. There are those who act heroically, there are others who seem self-righteous while others seem utterly oblivious of the prevailing predicaments that their society is in. The character of Park Nam-il has been purposefully as an anachronism. The character is used to refer to the violent protests that were a dominant of the past Korean political regime. The character of Park Nam-il also alludes to the college protesters who in the caused uproar through protests and demonstrations against oppressive regimes. The film can therefore be considered as form of literature where by it acts as a true mirror of the society.

Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda Leader Profile

Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda Leader Profile While known as  Osama bin Laden, also spelled Usama bin Ladin, his full name was Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden. (bin means son in Arabic, so his name also tells his genealogy. Osama was the son of Muhammad, who was the son of Awad, and so forth). Family Background Bin Laden was born in 1957 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabias capitol. He was the 17th of over 50 children born to his Yemeni father, Muhammad, a self-created billionaire whose fortune came from building contracting. He died in a helicopter accident when Osama was 11 years old. Osamas Syrian born mother, born Alia Ghanem, married Muhammad when she was twenty-two. She remarried following divorce from Muhammad, and Osama grew up with his mother and stepfather, and their three other children. Childhood Bin Laden was schooled in the Saudi port city, Jedda. His familys wealth gave him access to the elite Al Thagher Model School, which he attended from 1968-1976. The school combined British style secular education with daily Islamic worship. Bin Ladens introduction to Islam as the basis for political, and potentially violent- activism, was through informal sessions run by the Al Thaghers teachers, as New Yorker writer Steve Coll has reported. Early Adulthood In the mid-1970s, bin Laden was married to his first cousin (a normal convention among traditional Muslims), a Syrian woman from his mothers family. He later married three other women, as permitted by Islamic law. It has been reported that he has from 12-24 children. He attended King Abd Al Aziz University, where he studied civil engineering, business administration, economics and public administration. He is remembered as enthusiastic about religious debates and activities while there. Key Influences Bin Ladens first influences were the Al Thagher teachers who offered extra-curricular Islam lessons. They were members of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist political group begun in Egypt which, at that time, promoted violent means to achieve Islamic governance. Another key influence was Abdullah Azzam, a Palestinian-born professor at King Abd Al Aziz University, and a founder of Hamas, the Palestinian militant group. After the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Azzam solicited bin Laden to raise money and recruit Arabs to help the Muslims repel the Soviets, and he played an instrumental role in the early establishment of al-Qaeda. Later, Ayman Al Zawahiri, the leader of Islamic Jihad in the 1980s, would play a significant part in the development of bin Ladens organization, Al Qaeda. Organizational Affiliations In the early 1980s, bin Laden worked with the mujahideen, guerrillas fighting a self-proclaimed holy war to oust the Soviets from Afghanistan. From 1986-1988, he himself fought. In 1988, bin Laden formed Al Qaeda (the Base), a militant transnational network whose original backbone was Arab Mujahideen who fought the Soviets in Afghanistan. Ten years later, bin Laden forged the Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders, a coalition of terrorist groups intending to wage war against Americans and battle their Middle Eastern military presence. Objectives Bin Laden expressed his ideological goals in both action and words, with his periodically videotaped public statements. After founding Al Qaeda, his objectives were the related goals of eliminating the Western presence in the Islamic/Arab Middle East, which includes battling American ally, Israel, and overthrowing local allies of the Americans (such as the Saudis), and establishing Islamic regimes. In-Depth Sources Osama bin Laden in Historical Context,an article by your guide.An article about the bin Laden family from PBS/FrontlineTranscript of a 1998 interview by then ABC reporter John MillerReporter Robert Fisks account of his interview with bin Laden in Sudan, in 1996.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Case Study - Essay Example Under normal circumstances, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was expected to take a leading role in providing relief to the affected people but in this case, it is seen working against its mandated task. The then director, Brown, turned down offers of assistance from the police, army as well as the other relief agencies and this was only compounded by a directive that prohibited all the emergency services departments not to respond to any call to assist the victims of the hurricane without being lawfully requested. A year passed after the devastating Katrina but a greater part of New Orleans remained in ruins with little reconstruction taking place. In my own opinion, I think the responsible authorities neglected the areas that were hardest hit by the hurricane. Instead of responding positively through offering assistance to the affected people, they are seen blocking emergency relief as if the disaster was premeditated. Natural disasters are not controlled by man and they cause untold suffering to the affected people, hence the need to put measures in place that are meant to avert the impacts of these disasters. The government is the main body representing all the citizens and it has the responsibility of ensuring that the welfare of its citizens is up to standard. In case of unprecedented natural disasters, all the levels of government in collaboration with other relief providers should take a leading role in ensuring that all the affected people get the needed assistance. Measures to ensure disaster preparedness should always be in place and the government should offer quick responses whenever there is a serious disaster unl ike the case of New Orleans where the responsible authorities are seen blocking aid. It is recommended that public policies which do not discriminate against race or creed must be enacted and fully implemented in all states. It is highly probable that the victims of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans were neglected on the

Developing Professional Practice for a Student Essay

Developing Professional Practice for a Student - Essay Example Effective professional practice makes the difference between competency and incompetency. Throughout the unit, I have leaned the effect of acquiring best practice since during internships I would find communication and interaction with fellow staffs easy and cordial. This would not have been so if I had not gone through the unit. Effective professional practice is intense to permit students and others to develop new skills and knowledge essential in their professional practice. Professional skills The unit has equipped me with numerous skills regarding professionalism. Time management is one of the skills learned; time is an essential part of individual and its management practice distinguishes the rich and poor. I need to be wealthy in knowledge and material thus time management is an essential skill that the unit has endowed. Currently and in future time management help and will help me deliver my duties promptly and become a role model to others. Communication and interpersonal sk ills are professional knowledge and skills acquired. Communication is essential and it gives a significant impact if done professionally (Morrison, 1993). The communication skills vary from the body language, intonation and words used. The best mode of communication attraction is the first impression; within seconds of interaction people form their opinion and if my dressing is not presentable my wording and intonation would not impress them. The formal and informal communication category assists in interaction with other people such as fellow staffs, patients or clients, and management. This skill that assists me to treat people as individuals thus ensuring interpersonal rapport is maintained. The skills can assist me in the future to attract and retain clients when I start my own business and also interact with employees professionally. Further training and practice of the skills can assist to add more value to what I have learned. Teamwork is another professional skill learned. A ny profession requires teamwork spirit to make work easy and also to encourage different experts to pull together in achieving organizational objectives. These skills help me appreciate individuals with their capacity and contribution. The future is brighter with this kind of skills put into practice I can manage bigger human resource capacity. It is essential to be a team player to make effective manager or a leader in an organization. With practice and involving my role models, I can add value to skills acquired and be better. Behavioral characteristics of the successful professional skills and presentation skills are additional professional knowledge acquired in this unit. Professional skills are pillars of my professional growth and development (Karten, 2010). Practice and training are additional activities to assist in perfecting the skills acquired and remain relevant. Knowledge development Knowledge gathered from this unit is that attitude, hard work, good communication, pres entation, dedication, and devotion are professionalism values that I have to keep throughout my career development. Maintaining ethics is an essential matter in professional development since it builds a reputation and assists one earns the trust of others (Eraut, 2003). I have learned trust is essential in financial matters and going through the unit this cannot be over-emphasized.  

Japan-Korea Trade Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japan-Korea Trade Relations - Term Paper Example The contraction of the trade relations between Korea and Japan initiated between the years 1929 and 1933 which was the period of the Great Depression. However this contraction in the trade was temporary. The trade expanded again after the year 1933. The expansion was fast and the exports to and imports from Japan were 80% of the total exports and imports. The trade relations between Japan and Korea were severed after the World War II. As compared to the exports before the World War II, Korea’s exports were negligible. The exports in the year 1953 were merely 1% of the total Grand National Product (GNP); however the imports were 10%. This difference in exports and imports affected the Korean economy in a negative way and it created a very sophisticated system of exchange rates (Hong, 1979). Due to the Korean War, trade with Japan stimulated; however the extent of imports was far larger than that of exports. The scenario changed again the trade between Korea and Japan came down to a very insignificant rate of GNP by the end of 1950s. In the 1960s, trade between Korea and Japan began to grow again and by the mid of the decade the trade relations between both these countries were established. Both the imports from and exports to Japan rose by a significant degree and they accounted for a high proportion of the total imports and exports of Korea. From the perspective of Japan, exports to Korea were 2.8% of the total exports in the year 1962 (Haggard 1990). In the early 1960s, the President of Korea had initiated designing economic reforms that encouraged trade relations with Japan. Such reforms included unification of the exchange rates and the controls on exchange were... Any impact on these economies would affect the rest of the economies in the region; therefore it is highly important that both the economies remain stable. In the recent past, it has been observed that without any cooperation, these economies would not be able to handle the economic crisis in the Asia. The Asian economic crisis caused both these countries to promote a closer economic relationship. This time, it was determined that mere private sector cooperation would not suffice, but the economies will have to cooperate at governmental level. Thus, it can be inferred that the trade relations between Japan and Korea are just as important for the region as they are important for these two economies. According to Yamazawa, a framework is being designed that would help Japan and Korea to implement upon their plan for a closer economic relationship. The framework would also include a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) which would facilitate the trade among these two countries even more. The trade relations between Korea and Japan have not been quite smooth since their very inception. There have been certain factors that keep the trade between these countries from developing. According to historical facts, Japan and Korea have made a number of attempts to improve the trade. However, the imbalance in the trade between these countries kept increasing over the years till the trade deficit reached a very high point. The trades relations have been unfavorable since then, however both the countries have been trying to get improve the trade relations once again and discussions between the officials of both the countries are underway.

Organizational Background of Asda Supermarket

Organizational Background of Asda Supermarket Personnel administration has many facets including the appraisal procedure for the organization employees bearing in mind their performances. The basic intention of developing a Performance Evaluation System (PES) is to help out each and every employee in recognizing their work capability in the present job. Exquisitely, a good performance appraisal should comprise of a two way feedback among the appraiser and the appraisee. This usually involves a critical assessment of the shortcomings not noted earlier to a point where the main focal point is the developmental need of the employees. The Performance Management System (PMS) is the main cardinal point of all HR functions comprising of planning, training and development, rewards, benefits and compensation, career planning, benefits management etc. in short all employee welfare is dependent on the PMS. Whereas on the contrary there are some problems as well in the implementation of an effective PMS that comprises of lack of feedback non standardized criteria, non confidentiality, personal biases etc. There are other serious factors that possess a threat to HR policy makers when efforts are put into making the existing system change. Problems like too much complicated Evaluation Performa, fear of un-popularity/contradiction, one officer writing 400 to 500 performance appraisal reports every year many of whom he never met and the like are just to mention a few. It is hence necessary for the Human Resource Management to design and enforce a good PMS that makes sure that the evaluation system is fair and trustworthy and that doesnt create unnecessary differences. ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND: The case study of Asda HR department that how do they evaluate and judge its employees will be carried out in form of research on the upcoming months. ASDA is a subsidiary of WALMART (USA) and one of the leading retail stores of UK. In more than 300 stores of Asda there are usually 250-500 plus employees working in different shifts. Asda became a part of Walmart (USA) around more than 10 years ago. It has a strong retention policy which is evident from the fact that more than 170,000 employees work for Asda and out of which around 75,000 approximately have completed their 5 years service which contributes to 20% employee turnover rate annually. All these can be due to the fact that it has a strong friendly policy that includes staff discounts, money off vouchers, plus other benefits. The other key factor that plays an important part in retention is the ability to progress from a colleague to a manager. According to Sarah Dickins the retail people director we do a lot of work listenin g to colleagues to see how we can improve the business and respond to that. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: This research would aim to judge the consequence of performance appraisal means on employees and to determine the connection between the colleagues performance and the process of Performance appraisal. The main focus of the research would be on questions like: Is the current performance evaluation system fair and transparent? Employees satisfaction with the appraisal system. How to link PES with rewards, recognition, training needs assessment, coaching, promotion, placement, succession policy, career planning etc? LITERATURE REVIEW: Every person has its own perception regarding Performance appraisal, their own point of view. But what (Becton, Portis Schraeder 2007) said is it is a method of judging an employee performance related to his job and how efficiently is he in his performance. The conventional way of Performance Appraisal is that once a year the employee meets his rater or appraiser who rates how well is the job performance. As stated by Douglas McGregor in Harvard Business Review article An Uneasy Look at Performance Appraisal (quoted by Richard C. Grote) the goals of an organizations performance appraisal program are designed to meet three needs one for the organization and two for the individual: They provide systematic judgments to back up salary increases, promotions, transfers, and sometimes demotions and terminations. They are means of telling a subordinate how he is doing and suggesting needed changes in his behavior, attitudes, skills or job knowledge, they let him know where he stands with the boss. They are also being increasingly used as basis for the coaching and counseling of the individual by the superior. A common misconception is that the sole purpose of Performance appraisal is to inform employees how their performance has been rated. Thats unfortunate, because a productive performance appraisal can accomplish much more. A productive appraisal, along with reviewing the quality of the employees work, serves as a work session between supervisor and employee in which you take the time and effort to meet with an individual and set new goals and objectives for the coming year. A productive appraisal recognizes that people are an incredibly valuable resource with specific needs and goals. (Paul Falcone, Randi Toler Sachs 2007) Heydel (quoted by Goel 2008) stated that The process of evaluating the performance and qualifications of the employees in terms of the requirements of the job for which he is employed for the purpose of administration including placement, selection for promotions, providing financial rewards and other actions which require different treatment among the members of a group as distinguished from the action affecting all members equally. As stated by Tom Coens, Mary Jenkins (2000) does appraisal work. Due to its inherent design flaws, appraisal produces distorted and unreliable data about their contribution of employees. Consequently, the resulting documentation is not useful for staffing decision and often does not hold up in court. Too often, appraisal destroys human spirit and, in the span of a 30 minute meeting, can transform a vibrant, highly committed employee into a demoralized, indifferent wallflower who reads the want ads on the weekend. With vast majority of organizations repeatedly experiencing disappointing results and problems with appraisal, we wonder why there isnt more discussion about dropping it, rather than trying to fix it. In many organizations performance appraisal systems remain one of the great paradoxes of effective human resource management. On one hand, appraisal systems can provide valuable performance information to a number of critical human resource activities, such as the allocation of rewards, e.g., merit pay, promotions; feedback on the development and assessment of training needs; other human resource systems evaluation, e.g., selection predictors; and performance documentation for legal purposes(Cleveland, Murphy, and Williams, 1989). Appraisal systems seem to offer much potential for enhancing the effectiveness of human resource decisions and for satisfying employees need for performance feedback (Ilgen, Fisher, and Taylor, 1979). On the other hand, there is evidence that appraisal systems are a practical challenge to the academics who often design them and to the managers and employees who must use them. As Banks and Murphy (1985: 335) noted: Organizations continue to express disappoin tment in performance appraisal systems despite advances in appraisal technology. Appraisal reliability and validity still remain major problems in most appraisal systems, and new (and presumably improved) appraisal systems are often met with substantial resistance. In essence, effective performance appraisal in organizations continues to be a compelling but unrealized goal. This negativity is echoed by practitioners in the private and public sectors (George, 1986; Meyer, 1991). It seems fair to conclude that many organizational appraisal systems have failed to realize their full potential contribution to organizational effectiveness. M. Susan Taylor, Kay B. Tracy, Monika K. Renard, J. Kline Harrison, Stephen J. Carroll.Due Process in Performance Appraisal: A Quasi-Experiment in Procedural Justice. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 40, 1995 Performance appraisal has widened as a concept and as a set of practices and in the form of performance management has become part of a more strategic approach to integrating HR activities and business policies. As a result of this, the research on the subject has moved beyond the limited confines of measurement issues and accuracy of performance ratings and has begun to focus more of social and motivational aspects of appraisal. It breaks these down in terms of the nature of appraisal and the context in which it operates. The former is considered in terms of contemporary thinking on the content of appraisal (contextual performance, goal orientation and self awareness) and the process of appraisal (appraiser-appraisee interaction, and multi-source feedback). The discussion of the context of appraisal concentrates on cultural differences and the impact of new technology. In reviewing these emerging areas of research, the article seeks to explore some of the implications for appraisal practice at both organizational and individual levels. (Fletcher C 2001) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Volume 74,ÂÂ  Number 4, November 2001, pp. 473-487(15). Because of the pivotal role that performance appraisal plays in managing human resources (Cardy Dobbins,1994), there has been a great deal of research conducted to understand appraisals. Murphy and Cleveland (1991) noted that much of this research has focused on such issues as appraisal formats and minimizing bias from raters. One of the issues that they suggested that warrants further attention is the criteria by which appraisal systems are judged. They suggested that one such research area that needs to be addressed is the reactions of the ratees to the appraisal system. Murphy and Cleveland proposed that research should seek to understand how appraisal accuracy affects reactions to the appraisal. Cardy and Dobbins (1994) mirrored this sentiment and argued that such perceptual reactions to the appraisal system are clearly important to the appraisal systems operational effectiveness. Maier (1958) had pointed out that appraises defensiveness is an expected reaction since the manager, in discussing his appraisal of a subordinates performance with the man, is automatically cast in the role of judge and the subordinate becomes the defendant. With their respective roles structured in this way, the natural reaction of the subordinate is to become defensive when criticized and, to the degree that he is defensive rather than constructive, he is less likely to take action necessary to improve his performance. His defensiveness is in effect a denial of responsibility for the short coming cited. To show improvement in the aspect of performance criticized would be negating the validity of the defence. Performance Appraisal Based On Self-Review, Journal Of Personnal Psychology 1968, Volume 21, issue 4, Pg 421-430. Lewis and Rock (1967) stated that whether an organization accepts or denies the usefulness of performance appraisal, whether it adopts a formal appraisal system or not, top management is constantly appraising the performance of its subordinate managers. The latter are doing the same to their subordinates. They are doing because performance appraisal, formal or informal lies at the heart of the art of managing. Good managers do it well; poor managers do it less satisfactory; only bad managers do it not at all. (quoted by S.Mufeed Ahmad). Although feedback is advocated as a means for influencing performance, empirical investigations indicate that the effect of feedback on performance is not uniformly positive. In the proposed model, reactions to feedback, not feedback per se, influence performance. In response to the lack of research on causal mechanisms linking feedback to performance and calls for such research, reactions are proposed to mediate the influence of feedback-related characteristics on performance. Feedback-related characteristics central to models of performance feedback that also corresponded with the three characteristics of the due process model served as antecedents to reactions. Using longitudinal data and previous performance as a control variable, results of structural equation modeling evidenced strong support for the proposed model as antecedents substantially related to ratees reactions, and ratees reactions indeed influenced subsequent performance. Organizations should design appraisal system s in accordance with the due process framework and train managers in conducting feedback discussions. I.M. Jawahar, Group Organization Management August 16, 2010 vol. 35 no. 4 494-526. Recently, performance appraisal researchers have adopted a cognitive approach to analyzing judgment processes in performance appraisal. While this approach allows researchers to tap a wealth of knowledge applicable to the appraisal context, this line of research is likely to widen the already existing gap between research and practice. We argue that coordination of the talents of researchers and practitioners is essential for narrowing the gap. Specifically, we suggest researchers focus their research on the best methods of ensuring use of relevant and valid data in appraisal, given organizational constraints. We also suggest practitioners focus on determining observable and measurable aspects of performance, and thus, specify appropriate appraisal content. We also note that cognitive process research has promise for increasing raters ability to judge accurately, but that this approach does not necessarily address the raters willingness to provide accurate ratings. Cristina G. Banks, Kevin R. Murphy. Towards Narrowing the Research-Practice Gap in Performance Appraisal, Personnel Psychology, Volume 38, Issue 2, pages 335-345, June 1985 As stated by lefkowitz, 2000,the extent to which appraisers like appraise influences their assessment of them and is the same true for peers and subordinates giving ratings in a 360- degree feedback exercise? Unfortunately the answer seems to be YES. There is also evidence that 360-degree feedback assessments are no more immune to ethnic bias than other form of appraisal (Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe 2003) Clive Fletcher, (2004) Appraisal and Feedback, Making performance review work, (3rd ed) CIPD publication. Self-appraisal also may be used to help employees improve their job performance. Self appraisal may complement supervisory ratings. According to Bassett Meyer, 1968, self-appraisal can serve several distinct functions within an organization. Self-appraisal may be used as additional data points. Because intersource reliability can be considered a precondition for evaluation validity, serious disagreement among sources raises fundamental concerns about evaluation process as a whole further if disagreement between self appraiser and supervisor ratings is not extreme, then self appraisal can be combined with these other evaluations, increasing overall reliability. According to Thornton 1968 self appraisal are used to gather performance information that is either not obtained or impossible to obtain through other channels, and reducing criterion deficiency by including dimensions of performance that are over looked by other evaluation sources. Self-Appraisal in Performance Evaluation: Development versus Evaluation Donald J. Campbell and Cynthia Lee The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr., 1988), pp. 302-314. Significance: In context of the above literature we would like to see in our study the relevance of the ongoing appraisal system in ASDA. It is important for the colleagues to receive feedback from employers or managers in a consistent and on going basis. The feedback in performance appraisal is significant in showing what the colleague is doing well at the store or what can be improved. The current method of self-appraisal that is being followed at ASDA is it more effective and is there any biases in feedback from the rater. The thinkers and experts of modern times have grouped the primary users and purposes of evaluation into the following three categories. Information resulting from two-way communication between supervisor and subordinates assisting the former in assessing the motivation, skills, training needs, selection procedures, placements, placements, transfers etc of the latter Motivation which has a direct bearing on the productivity of the employees. Developmental emphasizing through use of appraisal the managements responsibility to counsel and aid employees in realizing their potentials. It is therefore a foregone conclusion that the adoption of a better performance appraisal system is bound to result a remarkable improvement in performance of organizations. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The research will be based upon the data, which will be collected from the colleagues and managers in ASDA. Data will also be gathered from the Personnel department and the HR manager in ASDA. The colleagues and managers will also be a part of this research in order to provide data for this dissertation. As I am working for ASDA it would not be any big dilemma for me to get the data in completion of my dissertation. I must be able to get as much as primary data as I need through interviews and questionnaire. Collected data will be analyzed certainly on basis of research question and comparison of claims about the process from HR department and response got after conducting research. RESEARCH METHODS: Due to the nature of the research, qualitative and quantitative both methods of research will be followed. If we go in depth into this research, it really has qualitative as well as quantitative concerns. That is the reason why I have decided to have mix of both methods of data analysis. Hypothesis will also be required in this research so those will also made by selecting some variables. Data collection will be primary data or secondary data. Primary data will be collected from the colleagues and managers in form of interviews and questioners. Whereas the secondary data will be collected from journals, annual reports and through internet. DATA ANALYSIS: The analysis will be done on the data being collected in form of manual analysis and through different applications like excel, etc. Qualitative analysis will be used to analyze open-ended questions on the survey. Quantitative analysis will be done for questions in survey using different application to determine strength and weakness of the performance appraisal. A detailed report after the research survey and analysis will be submitted.

Attack of the Cloning Regulations Essay -- Science Cloning Scientific

Attack of the Cloning Regulations Better and new technologies and ideas are constantly introduced through the passage of time, most of which are just for the convenience of modern life. There is usually not much of an objection when they are introduced into society because the pros of the idea greatly outweigh the cons; however, this is not the case with the discovery that human cloning is now practically possible. When a breakthrough like cloning comes about regulations must be set forth to insure the safety of all those who would use it. On one side there are people who want strong restrictions on cloning. They would prefer to have cloning be as limited as possible or even banned to prevent any unethical or dangerous experimentations. On the opposite side of the discussion are the people who want researchers to have as much control over their cloning projects as possible. They do not want any slowdown in the advancement of science. In all of the articles researched, logos and pathos seemed to be much more prevalent than ethos. Both sides of the argument about restrictions on cloning use a large amount of logos to present the facts showings the practical pros and cons of cloning. Each logos point brought up is usually not a stand alone argument; they are mostly in the form of rebuttals of the points raised by the other side. A large dose of pathos comes up with most of the points seeing as how cloning is not just normal scientific research, it brings up questions of morality and what is ethical in the progress of science. Both sides of the issue tell stories of strong emotional appeal of the people that could be hurt or saved through the use of cloning techniques. These pathos appeals are mainly based on wh... ... rather than have this debate drag on. The problem is just reaching a solution that both sides are satisfied with which is the main dilemma. Until more research and data is collected the debate must continue on as is. No choice should be made until it is almost definitely sure that it is the correct one. Works Cited â€Å"Stop Cloning Now,† The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. â€Å"Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,† The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp â€Å"Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,† Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. â€Å"Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,† Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html Attack of the Cloning Regulations Essay -- Science Cloning Scientific Attack of the Cloning Regulations Better and new technologies and ideas are constantly introduced through the passage of time, most of which are just for the convenience of modern life. There is usually not much of an objection when they are introduced into society because the pros of the idea greatly outweigh the cons; however, this is not the case with the discovery that human cloning is now practically possible. When a breakthrough like cloning comes about regulations must be set forth to insure the safety of all those who would use it. On one side there are people who want strong restrictions on cloning. They would prefer to have cloning be as limited as possible or even banned to prevent any unethical or dangerous experimentations. On the opposite side of the discussion are the people who want researchers to have as much control over their cloning projects as possible. They do not want any slowdown in the advancement of science. In all of the articles researched, logos and pathos seemed to be much more prevalent than ethos. Both sides of the argument about restrictions on cloning use a large amount of logos to present the facts showings the practical pros and cons of cloning. Each logos point brought up is usually not a stand alone argument; they are mostly in the form of rebuttals of the points raised by the other side. A large dose of pathos comes up with most of the points seeing as how cloning is not just normal scientific research, it brings up questions of morality and what is ethical in the progress of science. Both sides of the issue tell stories of strong emotional appeal of the people that could be hurt or saved through the use of cloning techniques. These pathos appeals are mainly based on wh... ... rather than have this debate drag on. The problem is just reaching a solution that both sides are satisfied with which is the main dilemma. Until more research and data is collected the debate must continue on as is. No choice should be made until it is almost definitely sure that it is the correct one. Works Cited â€Å"Stop Cloning Now,† The Interim. February 2003. http://www.lifesite.net/interim/2003/feb/04editorials.html Stephens, Patrick. â€Å"Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,† The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/pstephens_human-cloning-good.asp â€Å"Ten Reasons to Support the Brownback/Landrieu Cloning Ban,† Americans to Ban Cloning. http://cloninginformation.org/info/talking_points.htm Binswanger, Harry. â€Å"Immoral to Ban Human Cloning,† Religion vs. Morality. http://religion.aynrand.org/cloning.html